See gnagan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen",
"3": "gnawen",
"4": "knawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "English: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *gnaga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *gnaga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gnaue"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gnauwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: gnauwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: gnauwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "knagan",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnāgen",
"3": "knāgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gnagen",
"3": "gnauen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "gnoagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cnagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cnagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen",
"3": "knauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "knaag",
"3": "knae"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: knaag, knae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: knaag, knae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "knagan",
"4": "nagan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: nagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: nagen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*knagan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnagan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnagan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gnaw"
],
"id": "en-gnagan-gmw-pro-verb-wm-3kc8Y",
"links": [
[
"gnaw",
"gnaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gnagan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen",
"3": "gnawen",
"4": "knawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gnaw",
"3": "knaw"
},
"expansion": "English: gnaw, knaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gnaw, knaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *gnaga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *gnaga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gnaue"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gnauwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: gnauwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: gnauwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "knagan",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnāgen",
"3": "knāgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gnagen",
"3": "gnauen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gnagen, gnauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "gnoagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: gnoagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gnagan",
"3": "*cnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cnagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cnagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen",
"3": "knauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "knaag",
"3": "knae"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: knaag, knae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: knaag, knae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnagan",
"3": "knagan",
"4": "nagan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: nagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German: nagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: nagen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnōgīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnagan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*knagan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnagan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnagan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 6 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to gnaw"
],
"links": [
[
"gnaw",
"gnaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gnagan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gnagan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.